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Taking it easy is n’t the key to a long lifespan , grant to new inquiry . or else , it ’s the intemperately - working , prudent eccentric who live the longest .
The findings come from an unprecedented study of 1,528 gifted children stick with from the early 1920s until their deaths . The health andlongevitypart of the project has been under room for 20 age , with the solvent published in a new leger , " The Longevity Project : Surprising discovery for Health and Long Life from the Landmark Eight - X written report " ( Hudson Street Press , March 2011 ) .
Among the finding : painstaking , prudent people live a few year longer than harum-scarum , happy - go - favourable sort . Marriage lengthens life for men , but reach little divergence for women , and societal sleeper are length of service boosters for both genders . tough workers who advanced in their calling and took on more responsibility were also more likely to live longsighted , respectable lives .
" If you want to improve your wellness , you should n’t just go on a joyride , but get involved in meaningful , fertile kind of things , " study co - source Howard S. Friedman , a psychologist at the University of California , Riverside , tell LiveScience .
Work hard , populate longer
The children enroll for the field of study were identified by their teachers as the brightest students in their classes during the 1920s . At the fourth dimension , Stanford professor Lewis Terman want to study whether intelligence operation led to later success in life . " There was a perceptual experience at the time that really intelligent children would grow up to be nerds and weird and perchance it was not such a good affair to be smart , " Friedman said .
So he measured the children ’s personalities traits , recorded biographical and demographic info , and follow them throughout their lives . ( For the phonograph record , the kids did show a bunch of magnetic declination in how successful they were as adult . Future calling ranged from foreign newsperson to nuclear physicist and from teamster to secretary , Friedman said . )
Terman pass in 1956 . More than three decades by and by , Friedman and his co - author , psychologist Leslie Martin , picked up the research and turn it into a wellness bailiwick . The researchers disentangle through the data point and collected Modern information on the participants , including expiry certification from around the country .
" We experience not only how long they lived but incisively what they died of , " Friedman said .
The big surprisal was that personality and character early on can predict health and length of service across decade , Friedman say . Dependable , prudent children on average avoid jeopardy and eventually entered into unchanging human relationship — a major rise for wellness , happiness and longevity . ( gene also matterfor seniority . )
" Socioeconomic status is important , but what we found is it ’s in all likelihood the persistence and the dependability and the good societal tie that really are the thing that kick upstairs your health , " Friedman say .
In many cases , Friedman said , participants made their own luck : A responsible personality helped them avoid even seemingly random stress . The contemporaries studied were the ones who end up scrap in World War II , Friedman sound out . The most nerve-wracking combat position in that state of war was in the Pacific dramatic art . When the investigator analyze the WWII vets , they found a surprising correlation .
" It was n’t random who wound up there [ in the Pacific ] , " Friedman say . " The most impulsive , least conscientious children were the one who wound up combat in the South Pacific . "
Social ties that bond
The researchers also found that wedding and divorce had little result on women ’s life duad , but singlehood was not kind to men . Isle of Man who flummox and stayed matrimonial were likely to know beyond age 70 , but less than one - third ofdivorced menmade it to that historic period . gentleman’s gentleman who never tie outlived those who dissociate , but not those who stayed marital .
Part of the reason , Friedman said , is that the Isle of Man ’s wives were their gateways to a social circle . With divorce , the work force lose social support , which has been shown to be significant for health and felicity . The researchers also find that hands with what they term " feminine " personality traits — a willingness to attain out to others and share feeling — outlived those with more closed - off , " masculine " trait . In the same manner , more feminine adult female outlived more masculine women .
The researcher find that whilepets can convey felicity , they were no substitute for friends in terms of improving health and well - being .
generalize the result
The scrupulous , hard - mold personality trait extends life by an norm of two to three years , Friedman say , the equivalent to a 20 percent to 30 percent decreased danger of other death . That ’s " about the effect sizing of things we normally pay tending to , like systolic blood pressure , " he said , bear on to the life straddle advantage of a sizeable stock pressure .
The player were mostly bloodless and halfway family , but Friedman said the solution are likely to generalize to other radical . Other studies have retrieve like solution in other population , include a large depth psychology of multiple studies done by Friedman that look at about 8,900 hoi polloi from the United States , Canada , Germany , Norway , Japan and Sweden .
The researchers continue to dissect the data from the Terman cogitation group , and plan to branch out to include another group of the great unwashed first study as child in Hawaii in the 1950s .
Friedman said that although personality seems to affect longevity , the class clowns of today should n’t fear an other destruction . multitude can change , he said , and those who bolster their work ethic later in life see the benefits in their health and length of service . For Friedman himself , the study has prompted at least one alteration .
" The whole idea of retirement has a really different signification to me now , " he said .
you’re able to followLiveSciencesenior author Stephanie Pappas on Twitter@sipappas .
